By Mamta Gupta, Lattice Semiconductor
As technology continues to rapidly advance, system designers are under constant pressure to innovate. The demand for faster, more efficient, and increasingly complex custom hardware solutions has grown exponentially across industries – driven by the explosion of data, the rise of AI and machine learning, and the emergence of Edge computing and IoT technologies. These trends require more powerful, specialized, and energy-efficient computing capabilities that off-the-shelf solutions often can't provide. Additionally, industries are seeking custom hardware to gain a competitive edge and meet unique sector-specific requirements.
However, the drive for innovation is often hindered by a myriad of barriers that make the path from concept to reality arduous and fraught with risk. These barriers span from high costs and lengthy development lifecycles to fixed functionality, system design complexity, security risks, integration challenges, and more. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have revolutionized the landscape of custom hardware design, offering system designers heightened levels of low power consumption, adaptability, efficiency, and security to help overcome innovation barriers and develop systems that align with the rapid pace of technology.
Unlike Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), FPGAs are reconfigurable chips that can be reprogrammed to perform a wide variety of digital functions. This unique characteristic has positioned them as a powerful tool for overcoming the fundamental obstacles of custom hardware design – enabling more dynamic innovation through their flexibility, rapid prototyping capabilities, support for experimentation, robust security, and simplified design processes.
- Providing Flexibility, Reprogrammability, and Reliability
The cornerstone of FPGA technology lies in its flexible, reprogrammable, and reliable nature. Whereas ASICs are hardwired for specific functions, FPGAs consist of an array of reprogrammable logic blocks and interconnects that can be configured to implement virtually any digital circuit. Flexibility allows designers to adapt their hardware to shifting innovation cycles and requirements without the need for physical chip redesign.
The ability to implement various digital circuits on a single FPGA platform opens a world of possibilities for designers. From simple logic operations to complex algorithms, FPGAs can handle a diverse range of functionalities. This versatility is particularly valuable in fields where standards and protocols are constantly evolving, such as the telecommunications industry. Leveraging FPGAs' flexibility and reprogrammability, telecom operators can deploy base stations that support multiple radio access technologies like 4G LTE and 5G NR simultaneously, while being prepared for future upgrades. As 5G standards evolve, these FPGA-based stations can be remotely reprogrammed to support new features and protocols without replacing physical hardware, ensuring infrastructure remains current.
FPGAs offer an additional significant advantage in the form of adaptability. While ASICs provide optimized performance for specific tasks, they lack the ability to be modified after manufacture. On the other hand, FPGAs can be reprogrammed numerous times, allowing developers to update and improve their designs long after deployment. This adaptability not only future-proofs hardware solutions but also provides a safety net for developers, knowing they can correct issues or add features post-production without added costs and elongated timelines. With unrivaled power efficiency, FPGAs also help developers achieve power and thermal design efficiencies to improve operating costs and enhance the reliability of their custom hardware.
Facilitating Faster Design and Prototyping
Another way FPGAs lower the barrier to innovation is by enabling developers to facilitate rapid design and prototyping. The ability to quickly implement and test designs with FPGAs dramatically reduces the time-to-market for new hardware solutions, enabling developers to iterate through multiple versions of their design more quickly than ever before. This rapid iteration capability is paramount for innovation and leads to more robust and optimized final products. The feedback loop between design and testing is significantly shortened, enabling a more agile development process.
In addition, FPGAs’ parallel processing makes them an ideal choice for designing innovation prototypes in emerging markets like Edge applications. These devices require AI solutions with always-on capabilities, situational awareness, improved power efficiency, flexible and low latency sensor bridging, reduced complexity, and streamlined integration – all of which is enabled by FPGA-based architectures. Moreover, the cost effectiveness of FPGA prototyping cannot be overstated here. FPGA-based prototypes can be created with relatively low initial investments. The reduced financial barrier allows smaller companies and teams to still facilitate their own custom hardware innovations like global industry leaders.
Enabling Scalability in Innovation
FPGAs provide a low-risk environment for scaling custom hardware designs. The ability to reprogram the chip means that designers can scale different architectures and algorithms without the fear of creating unusable hardware or committing to a fixed design. This expanded ability to scale is crucial for innovation, enabling developers to explore new approaches that might be too risky or costly to attempt with traditional hardware development methods. It allows the company to start with a minimum viable product and systematically enhance its capabilities based on real-world performance and user feedback, with the option to quickly pivot to alternative designs without high costs or delays. This leads to more robust and efficient design.
For example, an Edge computing company developing AI-powered smart home devices could use FPGAs to prototype and scale their AI processing capabilities. Initially, developers could implement basic machine learning algorithms on the FPGA for tasks like voice recognition or simple image classification. As their approaches are refined, they can reprogram the FPGA to test more complex neural network architectures, experiment with different quantization techniques, or implement novel AI algorithms without changing the underlying hardware.
Providing Robust Security Features
In an era where cybersecurity is paramount, FPGAs offer clear advantages in implementing robust security measures and ensuring platform firmware resiliency (PFR) for custom hardware solutions. This allows developers to incorporate advanced security features directly into their innovations, providing a level of protection that is often more difficult to achieve with traditional fixed-function chips.
FPGAs excel at implementing hardware root of trust (HRoT) capabilities. This foundational security element serves as the basis for all other security operations in a customer hardware system. In an FPGA system design, HRoT can be implemented as a dedicated, tamper-resistant module that provides secure key storage and integrity verification. The hardware-based root of trust offers stronger security guarantees compared to software-only solutions, as it's inherently more resistant to tampering and exploitation. Building upon HRoT, FPGAs enable secure boot processes that are essential for integrating PFR with new innovations. The boot sequence can be designed to verify the integrity and authenticity of each firmware component before execution, creating a chain of trust from the hardware root up through the entire software stack. This process helps prevent unauthorized modifications or the injection of malicious code, ensuring that the system starts in a known and trusted state.
Another significant security advantage is the ability to keep up with the evolving security regulations. Due to FPGAs’ reprogrammability, innovators can stay compliant with evolving regulations without the costly proposition of switching hardware. For example, transitioning to CNSA2.0 algorithms will require all classical asymmetric crypto to be augmented to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). FPGAs are an ideal vehicle for such an upgrade due to their cryptographic agility. Designers can create dedicated modules for encryption, decryption, and secure key management, which operate more efficiently and securely than software-based solutions. These hardware-based cryptographic engines can support a wide range of algorithms, from standard protocols like AES and RSA to emerging PQC that provides protection against quantum-based cyberattacks.
Simplifying Design Complexity
The complexity of modern hardware design has created a steep learning curve for many developers. The specialized knowledge required to develop custom hardware solutions can be daunting, particularly for those coming from software backgrounds or smaller organizations without extensive hardware expertise. This knowledge gap can discourage experimentation and limit the pool of potential innovators.
FPGAs help simplify this by enabling a modular approach to system design, which allows complex systems to be broken down into manageable, reusable components. FPGAs also excel at implementing complex algorithms in hardware, offloading computationally intensive tasks from traditional computer processing units (CPUs). With their low power consumption and high-performance DSP blocks, they are particularly well-suited for Edge computing applications where complex signal processing or machine learning algorithms need to be implemented efficiently. This capability simplifies overall system design by reducing the load on the main processor and improving system responsiveness.
Lastly, FPGAs provide a flexible and reliable platform where designers can easily navigate between different hardware/software trade-offs. This enables the optimization of system performance, power consumption, and costs – giving developers an ideal balance for their specific application requirements. Their toolkit of hardware, software, and IP can also be tailored to the unique needs of their application to speed up development.
Lowering the Barrier to an Innovative Future
FPGA technology has undeniably lowered the barriers to innovation in custom hardware design. As FPGAs continues to advance, we can expect even greater capabilities and efficiencies in their ability to drive innovation. The power of FPGAs will remain at the forefront of innovation in the digital age while providing the necessary tools to create secure, resilient, and adaptable systems across various industries.
